Alpha maps are images used for run-time texture blending (or 'texture splatting'), which is a technique typically used in games to achieve high-resolution terrain detail. Alpha maps consist of one or more layers (read: colours), which each represent the coverage of a texture/land type over the surface of the terrain. This is similar to the attributes map used in L3DT, and alpha maps are in-fact generated from the attributes map by L3DT.